世界人居

在2023世界人居環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展大會訪談中，AECOM景觀董事、ASLA國際實踐專業(yè)實踐網(wǎng)絡(luò)主席、上海景觀論壇聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人李程（Lee Parks）先生分享了他在西安小雁塔項目中的經(jīng)驗和見解。他強調(diào)，在中國傳統(tǒng)歷史街區(qū)改造中，最大的挑戰(zhàn)是克制過度設(shè)計，恢復(fù)空間的完整性并去除視覺上影響城市環(huán)境質(zhì)量的城市元素。此外，他還提出了對可持續(xù)發(fā)展和人居環(huán)境的看法，認為環(huán)境應(yīng)放在首位。對于風景園林專業(yè)的學(xué)生，他建議保持初心，熱愛設(shè)計，并注重在現(xiàn)實世界中的實踐。

西安建筑科技大學(xué)王晶懋老師采訪AECOM景觀董事Lee Parks先生

王老師

Good morning. It's an honor to have you here for this interview. Let's make a brief self-introduction.

早上好。非常榮幸能邀請您接受這次采訪。讓我們做一個簡短的自我介紹吧。

Lee Parks

Thanks, my name is Lee Parks. I am currently the Chair of the International Practice Professional Practice Network for ASLA and co-founder of the Shanghai Landscape Forum. I have lived and worked in China since 2001. As Executive Director and Landscape Practice Leader for AECOM in Shanghai, I currently hold the post of the Global Technical Practice Group Leader for Landscape Architecture.

謝謝，我叫Lee Parks。我目前是ASLA國際實踐專業(yè)實踐網(wǎng)絡(luò)的主席，也是上海景觀論壇的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人。我從2001年起就開始在中國生活和工作了。作為上海AECOM的執(zhí)行董事和景觀實踐組長，我目前擔任全球風景園林技術(shù)實踐小組組長。

 王老師

Thanks, we know you have participated in the completion of Xi 'an Small Wild Goose Pagoda Project. What do you think is the biggest challenge you have encountered in the renovation project of Chinese traditional historic district? In the collaborative dialogue between the new and the old, the traditional historic district space has been reshaped and revitalized. What experience can you share with us?

您參與完成了西安小雁塔項目，面對中國傳統(tǒng)歷史街區(qū)改造項目，您覺得遇到的最大的挑戰(zhàn)是什么？在新與舊的協(xié)同對話中，實現(xiàn)了傳統(tǒng)性歷史街區(qū)空間的現(xiàn)代重塑與活力復(fù)興，有什么經(jīng)驗可以和大家分享？

Lee Parks

I think the biggest challenge is trying to hold-back on over designing. To practice restraint, to simplify, to hold on to what matters such as visual corridors, large trees, cultural relics, etc and restore space integrity, remove clutter and mitigate urban elements that visually impact the quality of the urban environment. The dialogue between old and new is to extract or take inspiration from the old and represent in new form for today’s lifestyle and functional needs.

我認為最大的挑戰(zhàn)是克制過度設(shè)計。約束、簡化、保留視覺廊道、大樹、文物等，恢復(fù)空間的完整性，去除雜亂，緩解視覺上影響城市環(huán)境質(zhì)量的城市元素。新舊之間的對話是從舊的中提取或汲取靈感，并以新的形式表現(xiàn)當今的生活方式和功能需求。

王老師

The South Square of the Small Wild Goose Pagoda is adjacent to Vermilion Bird Street, and the street and the South Square engage in such a spatial and historical dialog, how does the design reflect this?

小雁塔南廣場緊鄰朱雀大街，大街和南廣場進行了這樣的一個空間和歷史對話，設(shè)計是如何體現(xiàn)的？

Lee Parks: The dialogue between space and history aimed to restore visual connections, inclusiveness and openness. Opening views, access and interpretation of culture and relics. It is reflected in the design through removal of solid boundaries, celebrating the visual axis to the pagoda and welcoming local people to the square for daily life.

空間與歷史之間的對話旨在恢復(fù)視覺聯(lián)系，包容性和開放性。開放的視野，進入和解讀文化和文物。它體現(xiàn)在設(shè)計中，通過消除實體邊界，慶祝小雁塔的視覺軸，歡迎當?shù)厝说綇V場進行日常生活。

王老師

What is your view and understanding of sustainability and human settlements? How can sustainability be concretely translated into practical projects?

您對于可持續(xù)發(fā)展和人居環(huán)境的看法和理解是什么？可持續(xù)發(fā)展如何具體落到實踐項目中？

Lee Parks

My view is inspired more by the scientific community and the climate change and biodiversity emergency. Rather than the UN model of Economy, Society and Environment being of equal weight and competing interests, I agree with climate scientists that sustainable development should be a hierarchy with environment first.

我的觀點更多地是受到科學(xué)界、氣候變化和生物多樣性緊急情況的啟發(fā)。我同意氣候科學(xué)家的觀點，即可持續(xù)發(fā)展應(yīng)該是一個基于環(huán)境的層次結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是聯(lián)合國的經(jīng)濟、社會和環(huán)境模式具有同等的權(quán)重和相互競爭的利益。

王老師

In the new economic situation, what are the qualities and professional abilities that students in the landscape architecture major should have in order to gain the corresponding advantages of jobs, or pursue successful in the market competition?

在新的經(jīng)濟形勢下，風景園林專業(yè)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該具備哪些素質(zhì)和專業(yè)能力，以便在就業(yè)中獲得相應(yīng)優(yōu)勢，或在市場上成功競爭？

Lee Parks

It's a very challenging time for landscape graduates. I remember when I was studying in the UK in the 1990s, it was very difficult to find a job, I sent over 80 resumes, but they were all returned. For the young people today, they are facing the same problem. But I think, they should keep the original intention and stay at it, the salary is not important, the important thing is to love design, do not forget the original intention. 

我還記得1990年我在英國學(xué)習時，那時候找工作很困難，我投遞了18份簡歷，但是都被退回了。對于現(xiàn)在的年輕人來說，他們面臨著同樣的問題。但我認為，他們應(yīng)該保持初心并且為之付出行動，薪水不重要，重要的是熱愛設(shè)計，不忘初心。

王老師

In terms of training students, how could educationalist and teachers strengthen the students’ development of professional competence? Do you think it is necessary for us to cultivate their ability not only the design, but also the project planning, or operation and maintenance management, impact assessment?

在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生方面，教育從業(yè)者應(yīng)該從哪些方面在增強這方面的素質(zhì)拓展，或者專業(yè)能力的培養(yǎng)？

Lee Parks

When I was a teach at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, I paid more attention to training students to practice in the real world. So it's not just the design, the understanding of the planning context, the global issues, the metropolitan issues, the understanding of the land use and the planning context for landscape, and then really training them to convince others of their ideas, in reality. They present the vision and positioning of the design so that they can justify these designs, so it is very important to train them in real time.

當我在上海交通大學(xué)當老師時，我更加重視培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在現(xiàn)實世界中的實踐。所以不僅僅是設(shè)計，對于規(guī)劃語境的理解，即全球問題大都市問題對土地利用和規(guī)劃語境景觀的理解，然后真正訓(xùn)練他們說服他人相信他們的想法，在現(xiàn)實中。他們提出設(shè)計的愿景和定位以便他們能夠證明這些設(shè)計的合理性，因此對他們進行現(xiàn)實時間培訓(xùn)是非常重要的。

王老師

Thank for your interview and your suggestions, Mr. Lee Parks.

感謝您接受采訪和提供的建議，李程先生。